pre-modern and early modern persian literature: written while travelling?

Pre-Modern and Early Modern Persian Literature: Written while Travelling?

In literary histories written in both Iran and the West it has generally be assumed that early modern Persian literary works are (technically inferior) copies of Western literary works. This has been and is still a claim. Almost no academically and scientifically sound works has substantiated this claim. While there is no point in denying a European influence on early modern Persian literature,...

The Rise of Modern Persian Literature through Translation in Iran

Translation is an indispensable tool for communication between the diverse linguistic groups. It opens new horizons for the people living in a country so that it makes changes and improvements in their society, especially in the literature. Through the translation process, some literary principles and elements are introduced into the home literature which did not exist before. These features em...

Early Modern Literature and Cartography: An Overview

401 In the past two decades, early modern studies have witnessed sudden and dramatic development in areas in which cartography and literature overlap and inform each other. Maps have traditionally been used to sustain and illustrate the study of history, but now literary critics are studying them in order to detect how they mix observation and fantasy, elements vital to poetry and fiction and t...

Casebooks in early modern England: medicine, astrology, and written records.

Casebooks are the richest sources that we have for encounters between early modern medical practitioners and their patients. This article compares astrological and medical records across two centuries, focused on England, and charts developments in the ways in which practitioners kept records and reflected on their practices. Astrologers had a long history of working from particular moments, st...

Reverse Addressing in Modern Persian

Reverse addressing is an interesting realization of kinship terms in interactive, face to face communication. This descriptive study was proposed to examine the use of family address pronouns in Iran as a function of the classical sociological parameters of age, sex, and social distance. It investigated various aspects of reverse addressing as a vernacular phenomenon. Data were reported from th...

Suicide in Early Modern and Modern Europe